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Basic Electronics

Sep 17, 2019
Apr 22, 2020

IMAGE GALLERY (8)

How to make circuits, what we want them to do?

Water Analogy

Voltage
Pressure
Flow
Current
Actuators
produces motion
breakout-board

bundled cable and “breaks out” each conductor to a terminal that can easily accept a hook-up wire for distribution to another device.

Wirk app to create GUI and mobile apps for IOT

Basic Electronics laws

OhmsLawColor2.jpg

  1. Ohms Law
  2. Kirchhoff’s circuit laws
    1. Current entering a junction equals the current leaving the junction

Standard notations used

Vdd :Voltage Drain Drain

Vss :Voltage Source Source

Capacitors

  • Quick surge of charge, otherwise similar to battery1
    • Flash bulbs, cameras, starter motor, audio amplifiers
  • DIfferent from Battery as it Can Charge and DIscharge very quickly
  • SMOOTHING AC current effect, else leds would be flickering
    • When polarity changes, capacitors discharge to provide power supply to circuit

Components

  • Heat Sink - remove heat from delicate componenets and increase their lifetime
    • Thermal Interface Material
    • No 2 metals will meet up perfectly
    • Fill in these micro gaps
  • Resistors
    • Control i/p voltage for componenets like LEDs, capacitors etc. to avoid damage to circuit
    • Polarity doesnt matter
  • Diods
    • Allows flow of current in one direction and not the other
    • BC547
    • POlarity matters
    • Forwars Bias
    • Reverse Bias
    • Breakdown mode
    • Protection Diod
    • PRevents accital damage to circuit when wrong polarity of power is applied
  • Hookup wires
    • solid core wire
  • Voltage Regulator
    • Takes in regulated voltage and spits out regulated constant voltage
    • New alternative - Buck converter or voltage step-down converter
  • Switch Mode Power Supply
  • Solderless Breadboards are not good for RF projects *

How to analyze circuits?

*

Resistor-Capicitor (RC) lowpass Filters

rc-lpf

Filter Circuits
change frequency content of signal
Music Equalizer settings

filter.png

Low pass filter - LPF
is a filter that passes signals with a frequency lower than a selected cutoff frequency and attenuates signals with frequencies higher than the cutoff frequency.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBM5T5_kgdI

filter_types

How to create a LPF hardware ?

  • Filter introduces a shift in phase
  • Changes the signal amplitude
  • Bode Plott
  • cut off frequency2 of filter equation

cof-of-filter.png

DIY cheap projects

  1. Ice-cream stick single motor car
  2. cola Bottle caps as wheels
  3. Light thermocol
  4. Cheap plastics cups, join them to make interesting shapes
  5. Cardboard
  6. Amazing DIY toys
  7. Plastic bottles as casing
  8. Old CD disks
  9. Toothpase case

Similarly

What is Inductance?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukBFPrXiKWA
Magnetic fields do not like to change

Footnotes

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hFC9ugTGLs [return]
  2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutoff_frequency [return]